[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-JP2024101716514743623":3,"related-JP2024101716514743623":33},{"pageSize":4,"id":5,"productLine":6,"status":7,"articleCode":8,"articleType":9,"showStyle":7,"mediaType":10,"fileInputUrl":11,"articleTitle":12,"coverImage":13,"listImage":14,"introduction":15,"description":16,"nonVipDescription":17,"postTime":18,"viewTime":19,"sortNumber":20,"isFree":21,"isShowList":7,"isRecommend":21,"linkType":7,"isOriginal":6,"hasMiniUrl":21,"miniUrl":11,"miniScheme":11,"miniImage":11,"itemTag":11,"createBy":22,"updateBy":22,"createTime":23,"visitCount":24,"isLiked":21,"realSearch":25,"isRead":21,"productId":26,"isCollected":21,"collectCount":27,"vipExclusive":21,"allowComment":7,"style":28,"likeCount":7,"duration":21,"playStyle":7,"seoKeywords":11,"articleModuleVoList":29,"extendContentList":30,"noteCount":27,"categoryList":31,"dailyKeywordList":32},10,6552,"1",1,"JP2024101716514743623","1041018",3,"","想致富，拼制度｜2024诺贝尔经济学奖","https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002F3375725c-d389-414b-8026-187a459f2892.png","https:\u002F\u002Fjane7-prod.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmanager\u002Farticle_default_img.png","为啥有的国家穷，有的国家富？","\u003Csection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002F81963df9-9f88-46c9-84e8-f7f1bede25ed.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">大家好，我是简七编辑部的犀利君。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 16px;padding: 0px;display: block;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">你有没好奇过，为啥美国这么年轻而富有，埃及这样古老的国度，人均GDP却只有它的5%？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">韩国与朝鲜，语言和人种都一样，经济水平却又有着天壤之别？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">归根到底，\u003Cstrong>决定一个国家经济繁荣的根本因素是什么？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">本周，2024年诺贝尔经济学奖揭晓，今年的奖项颁给了研究这个问题的3位美国经济学家：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">达龙·阿西莫格鲁\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（Daron Acemoglu）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">、西蒙·约翰逊\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（Simon Johnson）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">和詹姆斯·罗宾逊\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（James A. Robinson）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002F7f3a0df8-6ff4-4484-8961-4de68efb0ccc.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">他们用严谨的统计分析得出结论：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">一国的「制度」与经济繁荣密切相关，体制差异会影响到国家兴衰，甚至能决定长期经济发展的结果。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">其中，阿西莫格鲁和罗宾逊还合写过一本书\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);background-color: rgb(255, 218, 169);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cstrong>《国家为什么会失败》\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，用通俗易懂的语言和丰富的案例，阐述他们的研究成果。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">如果你没时间读完整本书，看完这篇文章，也能大致了解今年经济学诺奖的理论。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002Fbd3df13b-8801-4f56-b78f-2b2209bedc7b.jpg\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Ch1 style=\"margin: 0px 16px 16px; text-wrap: wrap; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: normal;;margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px;font-size:17px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 17px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">01\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh1>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">首先，对「是什么决定国家贫富」这个问题，作者列举了学术界的3个流行说法：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">第一种是「地理假说」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这种说法认为，国家的穷富，是由地理因素造成的。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">早在18世纪后期，法国政治哲学家孟德斯鸠就认为，热带地区的人倾向于懒散、缺乏求知欲，结果他们不努力工作，没有创新精神，这就是他们贫穷的原因。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这个观点得到美国学者贾雷德·戴蒙德的支持，他认为，「地理环境在人类文明演变中，绝对是导致贫富分化的基础性因素。」\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">由于非洲、中美洲和南亚的那些穷国，都在南北回归线之间\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（靠近赤道的国家更贫穷）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，富国一般位于温带，因此这一派学说，可以概括为「热国固穷」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002F2552e89e-455a-46d0-924f-c77193bafdd6.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">第二种是「文化假说」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这个假说把国家贫富和文化联系起来，理论鼻祖是德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">韦伯认为，新教改革及新教伦理在西欧现代工业社会的崛起中扮演重要角色。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">*新教指16世纪宗教改革运动中从天主教中分离出来的基督教。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">新教伦理培养出了一批勤劳、诚信、务实高效的人，有了这些美好的品德，人们才会努力工作并创造财富，促进了资本主义工商业的发展。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">反观非洲国家的民众缺乏良好的工作伦理，不相信科学，是因为文化落后，仍然在迷信巫术和魔法。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">说白了，这派认为欧洲文化才是经济繁荣的根源。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">第三种是「无知假说」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这种说法认为，导致国家贫富差异的根本原因，是统治者本人「无知」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">非洲之所以穷，是因为他们的领导人对如何管理国家持有错误的观点，西欧国家之所以富，是因为他们的领导人见识更好，得到了更好的建议。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">那么这三种说法到底有没有道理呢？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002F1ac1616c-7c65-4561-8706-bdcb827088d5.jpg\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Ch1 style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; text-wrap: wrap; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px;;margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px;font-size:17px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 17px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">02\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh1>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">在《国家为什么会失败》这本书中，作者逐一批驳了上述观点。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">先看第三种「无知假说」\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这是最容易推翻的，如果造成贫困的原因是「无知」，那么换一批有知识的领导者，不就能解决问题了？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">政治家选择错误的经济政策，并不是因为他「无知」，有的人明知道政策不好，还要坚持实施，不惜牺牲他人利益为自己谋利。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">换句话说，这并非是一个经济学问题，而是政治学问题，与「无知」没有任何关系。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">再看第二种「文化假说」\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">在过去很长时间确实能成立，20世纪60年代后，「亚洲四小龙」经济腾飞，让这个说法不攻自破。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">因为这几个经济体\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（韩国、新加坡、中国香港、中国台湾）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">大多受到儒家文化熏陶，与欧洲文化并无渊源，难不成儒家文化对经济繁荣也有促进作用？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">所以这个假说，有点「先射击后画靶子」的感觉。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">最后是第三种「地理假说」\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">反驳这个说法有点难度，毕竟学术大佬撑腰，而且穷国和富国在地理位置上的分布规律，也让这个假说显得很有说服力。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">不过，作者在地球上找到一个神奇的城市「诺加利斯」，完美地推翻了「地理决定论」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">「诺加利斯」位于美国与墨西哥的边界上，被一道栅栏分成两部分：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">北部属于美国亚利桑那州，南部属于墨西哥索诺拉州，两地的地理和气候是一致的，但居民的生活却存在天壤之别。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">美国的「诺加利斯」家庭年收入是墨西哥的3倍，绝大多数十多岁的孩子在学校读书，大多数成年人受教育水平至少是中学毕业。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">政府提供了完善的公共服务和良好的医疗服务，许多居民的年龄都在65岁以上。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">墨西哥的「诺加利斯」恰好相反，经济相对匮乏，大多数成年人未受过中学教育，公共卫生条件落后，婴儿死亡率很高。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">另外，在这里开公司属于高危活动，不仅有被抢劫的风险，而且为开业获得所有的许可盖章也要历尽艰辛。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">你能说两边的巨大差异是「地理环境」造成的吗？很明显不是，只有一个简单的解释：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);background-color: rgb(255, 218, 169);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cstrong>两边的制度不同\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002F14a36abd-101c-41cf-a152-b7e8dca0bec1.jpg\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Ch1 style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; text-wrap: wrap; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px;;margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px;font-size:17px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 17px;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">03\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh1>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">说到这里，估计大家会略感「失望」：搞了半天，这些不都是基本常识吗？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">达龙·阿西莫格鲁等经济学家的厉害之处，在于用严谨的统计数字证明，制度对于经济繁荣的重要性\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（制度是直接影响经济，自然因素是间接起作用）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">在2001年发表的论文《比较发展的殖民起源》中，作者抓住了一个关键性指标：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">欧洲早期殖民者在各殖民地的死亡率。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">研究发现，如果早期的殖民者认为非洲殖民地适合生存，他们会引入和宗主国相同的产权保护制度；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">反之，如果殖民者认为某一地区不适宜生存，就对这些地区实行攫取性政策，也不可能在这些地区建立产权保护制度。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">然后，通过观察各地区早期殖民者的死亡率和这些地区现在的经济增长表现，就能验证制度对经济发展的影响。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">统计分析结果表明——\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">几百年前，死亡率越高的殖民地\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（没有建立产权保护制度）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，如今该地区的人均GDP越低；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">相反，死亡率越低的殖民地\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（建立了产权保护制度）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，如今该地区的人均GDP越高。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002F12bd5a11-fd1e-42a2-aafd-893d971d080c.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">所以，\u003Cstrong>穷国和富国的根本区别在于不同的制度，背后反映的是采用不同的经济规则以及不同激励制度\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">作者把制度具体分为两种：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">一种是\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cstrong>包容性制度\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，允许和鼓励大多数人参与经济活动，并尽最大努力发挥个人才能和技术，让个人自由选择。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">一种是\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(214, 168, 65);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cstrong>汲取性制度\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，表现为国家权力的垄断，之所以说「汲取」，是因为这些制度的设计，从根本上是少数精英对大多数人的剥削。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">现实中「富国」往往是「包容性制度」，因为其制度的包容性，为民众提供了广泛的经济机会和公共服务，人们敢于创新，最终推动技术进步，带来经济增长；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">而「穷国」则采取「汲取性制度」，由于权力集中在少数人手中，大多数人被剥夺了经济机会和权利，这样就限制了创新，导致技术落后，最终拖累了经济步伐。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">另外书里提到，\u003Cstrong>中国改革开放后的经济高增长，是在邓小平的领导下进行了一系列基本改革，走向了包容性经济制度\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">只要中国的经济制度一直还在更加包容的道路上发展，增长就会一直持续，尽管可能步伐会慢一些。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">话说，今年有两个诺奖\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（物理学奖、化学奖）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">颁发给了人工智能\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（AI）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">研究，巧合的是，达龙·阿西莫格鲁在人工智能领域也发过论文\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（虽然这次得奖的原因与AI无关）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">总体上，\u003Cstrong>阿西莫格鲁对人工智能带来的经济效益持谨慎态度\u003C\u002Fstrong>，他认为投入AI领域大量的钱会被浪费掉，无法转化为经济产出。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Cblockquote style=\"margin: 0px 16px;padding: 0px;display: block;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\n  \u003Csection>\n   \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">在未来十年中，AI只会替代5%的人类工作岗位，你不可能从这5%中获得经济革命。\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003C\u002Fp>\n  \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">此外他还预测，AI炒作的狂热会持续到2025年，一些技术应用会站稳脚跟，但终会像2000年的互联网泡沫崩盘那样，迎来AI的冬天。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">虽然，新科诺奖得主的话不好听，但也提醒我们，要对人工智能的热潮保持冷静，小心历史再一次重演。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">最后放一张总结图：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimage.jane7.com\u002Fcabbfe94-646f-44fe-bb9b-1a731efee937.jpg\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cbr>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n \u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; display: block; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">p.s. 如果你对往年诺贝尔经济学奖得主感兴趣，可以点击：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650670826&idx=1&sn=1ced9d4baa9185b17fc848f86c874d94&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"color:#409eff\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2023年：当妈妈是最棒的工作，但没有钱\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650666726&idx=1&sn=7379e6b0ca0464a04a9d43527100dc77&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);background-color: transparent;cursor: default;;color:#409eff\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2022年：如果你不再相信银行…\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650634815&idx=1&sn=ae2d314be0508e69badab3633b88893e&chksm=be954fd989e2c6cfb8406c52e5d6e6d9f28661d4d4ce78b311c1b48c60c7defe315e369f0594&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);background-color: transparent;cursor: pointer;;color:#409eff\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2020年：靠“拍卖”赚了1200亿\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，这个\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">诺奖实至名归\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650611560&idx=1&sn=468d32eef3606ce7b7b464ffdfca5191&chksm=be952a8e89e2a398fb36817b4a226487875670f6876c49e6583e2a3f0dce13a19c4c4e73ce12&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);background-color: transparent;cursor: pointer;;color:#409eff\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2019年：高工资，到底和什么有关？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650611496&idx=1&sn=6fc3a98fa85ec6987e14d3b6fc3342f6&chksm=be952ace89e2a3d824aceda483e3a641edee1a487f6378ed65fbd1c912fbf41b2e70080a73e4&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);background-color: transparent;cursor: pointer;;color:#409eff\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2018年：年入7.5万美元就挺好，赚得多不一定幸福\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Cp style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px;font-family:-apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650615248&idx=1&sn=eeefe9e96de09230883fb1d082bd7e0c&chksm=be95183689e291202bf648dfab04c6527e2bb4186a73526b65e5f6be930a59972f365d5462ef&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);background-color: transparent;cursor: pointer;;color:#409eff\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size: 15px;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2017年：他说，懒不是你一个人的错\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003Csection>\n  \u003Cp style=\"color: #222222;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;caret-color: #333333;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\n \u003C\u002Fsection>\n\u003C\u002Fsection>","\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmmbiz.qpic.cn\u002Fsz_mmbiz_jpg\u002FAm8Qfs8miaLGfD5ydbxnFWHKkXofn2OiatXqqRt39auribh5SckuNvrOP2gTUbCAb3ibrKQalzLicDpabmkVIrEYvBw\u002F640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">大家好，我是简七编辑部的犀利君。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">你有没好奇过，为啥美国这么年轻而富有，埃及这样古老的国度，人均GDP却只有它的5%？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">韩国与朝鲜，语言和人种都一样，经济水平却又有着天壤之别？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">归根到底，\u003Cstrong>决定一个国家经济繁荣的根本因素是什么？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">本周，2024年诺贝尔经济学奖揭晓，今年的奖项颁给了研究这个问题的3位美国经济学家：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">达龙·阿西莫格鲁\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（Daron Acemoglu）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">、西蒙·约翰逊\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（Simon Johnson）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">和詹姆斯·罗宾逊\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（James A. Robinson）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmmbiz.qpic.cn\u002Fsz_mmbiz_png\u002FAm8Qfs8miaLGfD5ydbxnFWHKkXofn2Oiatl2WUjXdJbBicR89fDUiark4lI6J25AzFdiaBDQu4yWrTTgFmFaz5I051A\u002F640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">他们用严谨的统计分析得出结论：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">一国的「制度」与经济繁荣密切相关，体制差异会影响到国家兴衰，甚至能决定长期经济发展的结果。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">其中，阿西莫格鲁和罗宾逊还合写过一本书\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 218, 169); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cstrong>《国家为什么会失败》\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，用通俗易懂的语言和丰富的案例，阐述他们的研究成果。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">如果你没时间读完整本书，看完这篇文章，也能大致了解今年经济学诺奖的理论。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmmbiz.qpic.cn\u002Fsz_mmbiz_png\u002FAm8Qfs8miaLE7g73iaibZHIgqM3unhkoy5bd3IdoP7QT3icPEbLkrIAaic8W26HgahSWcia1f1DaZEic6aYAXJnFUQyEw\u002F640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1 style=\"margin: 0px 15px 16px; text-wrap: wrap; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-size: 17px; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(214, 168, 65); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">01\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">首先，对「是什么决定国家贫富」这个问题，作者列举了学术界的3个流行说法：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">第一种是「地理假说」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这种说法认为，国家的穷富，是由地理因素造成的。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">早在18世纪后期，法国政治哲学家孟德斯鸠就认为，热带地区的人倾向于懒散、缺乏求知欲，结果他们不努力工作，没有创新精神，这就是他们贫穷的原因。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这个观点得到美国学者贾雷德·戴蒙德的支持，他认为，「地理环境在人类文明演变中，绝对是导致贫富分化的基础性因素。」\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">由于非洲、中美洲和南亚的那些穷国，都在南北回归线之间\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（靠近赤道的国家更贫穷）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，富国一般位于温带，因此这一派学说，可以概括为「热国固穷」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmmbiz.qpic.cn\u002Fsz_mmbiz_png\u002FAm8Qfs8miaLGfD5ydbxnFWHKkXofn2OiatkY7wBkBSibTgOwGcciaMw3ovk9aOt0V53dbtOhCVl7gO64MWeeohvibiaQ\u002F640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">第二种是「文化假说」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这个假说把国家贫富和文化联系起来，理论鼻祖是德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">韦伯认为，新教改革及新教伦理在西欧现代工业社会的崛起中扮演重要角色。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">*新教指16世纪宗教改革运动中从天主教中分离出来的基督教。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">新教伦理培养出了一批勤劳、诚信、务实高效的人，有了这些美好的品德，人们才会努力工作并创造财富，促进了资本主义工商业的发展。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">反观非洲国家的民众缺乏良好的工作伦理，不相信科学，是因为文化落后，仍然在迷信巫术和魔法。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">说白了，这派认为欧洲文化才是经济繁荣的根源。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">第三种是「无知假说」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这种说法认为，导致国家贫富差异的根本原因，是统治者本人「无知」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">非洲之所以穷，是因为他们的领导人对如何管理国家持有错误的观点，西欧国家之所以富，是因为他们的领导人见识更好，得到了更好的建议。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">那么这三种说法到底有没有道理呢？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmmbiz.qpic.cn\u002Fsz_mmbiz_png\u002FAm8Qfs8miaLE7g73iaibZHIgqM3unhkoy5bd3IdoP7QT3icPEbLkrIAaic8W26HgahSWcia1f1DaZEic6aYAXJnFUQyEw\u002F640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\"\u002F>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1 style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; text-wrap: wrap; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 17px; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(214, 168, 65); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">02\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">在《国家为什么会失败》这本书中，作者逐一批驳了上述观点。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">先看第三种「无知假说」\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">这是最容易推翻的，如果造成贫困的原因是「无知」，那么换一批有知识的领导者，不就能解决问题了？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">政治家选择错误的经济政策，并不是因为他「无知」，有的人明知道政策不好，还要坚持实施，不惜牺牲他人利益为自己谋利。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">换句话说，这并非是一个经济学问题，而是政治学问题，与「无知」没有任何关系。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">再看第二种「文化假说」\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">在过去很长时间确实能成立，20世纪60年代后，「亚洲四小龙」经济腾飞，让这个说法不攻自破。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">因为这几个经济体\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（韩国、新加坡、中国香港、中国台湾）\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">大多受到儒家文化熏陶，与欧洲文化并无渊源，难不成儒家文化对经济繁荣也有促进作用？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">所以这个假说，有点「先射击后画靶子」的感觉。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">最后是第三种「地理假说」\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">反驳这个说法有点难度，毕竟学术大佬撑腰，而且穷国和富国在地理位置上的分布规律，也让这个假说显得很有说服力。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">不过，作者在地球上找到一个神奇的城市「诺加利斯」，完美地推翻了「地理决定论」。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">「诺加利斯」位于美国与墨西哥的边界上，被一道栅栏分成两部分：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">北部属于美国亚利桑那州，南部属于墨西哥索诺拉州，两地的地理和气候是一致的，但居民的生活却存在天壤之别。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">美国的「诺加利斯」家庭年收入是墨西哥的3倍，绝大多数十多岁的孩子在学校读书，大多数成年人受教育水平至少是中学毕业。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">政府提供了完善的公共服务和良好的医疗服务，许多居民的年龄都在65岁以上。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">墨西哥的「诺加利斯」恰好相反，经济相对匮乏，大多数成年人未受过中学教育，公共卫生条件落后，婴儿死亡率很高。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">另外，在这里开公司属于高危活动，不仅有被抢劫的风险，而且为开业获得所有的许可盖章也要历尽艰辛。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">你能说两边的巨大差异是「地理环境」造成的吗？很明显不是，只有一个简单的解释：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 218, 169); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cstrong>两边的制度不同\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmmbiz.qpic.cn\u002Fsz_mmbiz_png\u002FAm8Qfs8miaLE7g73iaibZHIgqM3unhkoy5bd3IdoP7QT3icPEbLkrIAaic8W26HgahSWcia1f1DaZEic6aYAXJnFUQyEw\u002F640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1 style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; text-wrap: wrap; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; font-size: 17px; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(214, 168, 65); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">03\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">说到这里，估计大家会略感「失望」：搞了半天，这些不都是基本常识吗？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">达龙·阿西莫格鲁等经济学家的厉害之处，在于用严谨的统计数字证明，制度对于经济繁荣的重要性\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（制度是直接影响经济，自然因素是间接起作用）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">在2001年发表的论文《比较发展的殖民起源》中，作者抓住了一个关键性指标：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(214, 168, 65);\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">欧洲早期殖民者在各殖民地的死亡率。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">研究发现，如果早期的殖民者认为非洲殖民地适合生存，他们会引入和宗主国相同的产权保护制度；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">反之，如果殖民者认为某一地区不适宜生存，就对这些地区实行攫取性政策，也不可能在这些地区建立产权保护制度。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">然后，通过观察各地区早期殖民者的死亡率和这些地区现在的经济增长表现，就能验证制度对经济发展的影响。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">统计分析结果表明——\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">几百年前，死亡率越高的殖民地\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（没有建立产权保护制度）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，如今该地区的人均GDP越低；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">相反，死亡率越低的殖民地\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（建立了产权保护制度）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，如今该地区的人均GDP越高。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmmbiz.qpic.cn\u002Fsz_mmbiz_png\u002FAm8Qfs8miaLGfD5ydbxnFWHKkXofn2OiatRKWex7eXfjuZicypfqIO6YgwPicibyqjryr8R0HfLvP9fp9ZZvXWKCUPw\u002F640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">所以，\u003Cstrong>穷国和富国的根本区别在于不同的制度，背后反映的是采用不同的经济规则以及不同激励制度\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">作者把制度具体分为两种：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">一种是\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(214, 168, 65); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cstrong>包容性制度\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，允许和鼓励大多数人参与经济活动，并尽最大努力发挥个人才能和技术，让个人自由选择。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">一种是\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(214, 168, 65); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cstrong>汲取性制度\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，表现为国家权力的垄断，之所以说「汲取」，是因为这些制度的设计，从根本上是少数精英对大多数人的剥削。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">现实中「富国」往往是「包容性制度」，因为其制度的包容性，为民众提供了广泛的经济机会和公共服务，人们敢于创新，最终推动技术进步，带来经济增长；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">而「穷国」则采取「汲取性制度」，由于权力集中在少数人手中，大多数人被剥夺了经济机会和权利，这样就限制了创新，导致技术落后，最终拖累了经济步伐。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">另外书里提到，\u003Cstrong>中国改革开放后的经济高增长，是在邓小平的领导下进行了一系列基本改革，走向了包容性经济制度\u003C\u002Fstrong>。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">只要中国的经济制度一直还在更加包容的道路上发展，增长就会一直持续，尽管可能步伐会慢一些。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">话说，今年有两个诺奖\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（物理学奖、化学奖）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">颁发给了人工智能\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（AI）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">研究，巧合的是，达龙·阿西莫格鲁在人工智能领域也发过论文\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"text-wrap: wrap; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">（虽然这次得奖的原因与AI无关）\u003C\u002Fspan> \u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">总体上，\u003Cstrong>阿西莫格鲁对人工智能带来的经济效益持谨慎态度\u003C\u002Fstrong>，他认为投入AI领域大量的钱会被浪费掉，无法转化为经济产出。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cblockquote style=\"margin: 0px 16px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 14px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">在未来十年中，AI只会替代5%的人类工作岗位，你不可能从这5%中获得经济革命。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\u003Cp>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">此外他还预测，AI炒作的狂热会持续到2025年，一些技术应用会站稳脚跟，但终会像2000年的互联网泡沫崩盘那样，迎来AI的冬天。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">虽然，新科诺奖得主的话不好听，但也提醒我们，要对人工智能的热潮保持冷静，小心历史再一次重演。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">最后放一张总结图：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmmbiz.qpic.cn\u002Fsz_mmbiz_png\u002FAm8Qfs8miaLGfD5ydbxnFWHKkXofn2OiatJibFSsAJ6icUKKZ2czvrOSJ2X4fTVHwCvUH4UNGxOzLVuokvPtyVvs6A\u002F640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003Csection>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin: 0px 15px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">p.s. 如果你对往年诺贝尔经济学奖得主感兴趣，可以点击：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 16px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 15px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650670826&idx=1&sn=1ced9d4baa9185b17fc848f86c874d94&scene=21#wechat_redirect\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2023年：当妈妈是最棒的工作，但没有钱\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 15px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650666726&idx=1&sn=7379e6b0ca0464a04a9d43527100dc77&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: var(--articleFontsize); outline: 0px; background-color: transparent; cursor: default;\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2022年：如果你不再相信银行…\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 15px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650634815&idx=1&sn=ae2d314be0508e69badab3633b88893e&chksm=be954fd989e2c6cfb8406c52e5d6e6d9f28661d4d4ce78b311c1b48c60c7defe315e369f0594&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"outline: 0px; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2020年：靠“拍卖”赚了1200亿\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">，这个\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">诺奖实至名归\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 15px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650611560&idx=1&sn=468d32eef3606ce7b7b464ffdfca5191&chksm=be952a8e89e2a398fb36817b4a226487875670f6876c49e6583e2a3f0dce13a19c4c4e73ce12&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"outline: 0px; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2019年：高工资，到底和什么有关？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 15px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650611496&idx=1&sn=6fc3a98fa85ec6987e14d3b6fc3342f6&chksm=be952ace89e2a3d824aceda483e3a641edee1a487f6378ed65fbd1c912fbf41b2e70080a73e4&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"outline: 0px; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2018年：年入7.5万美元就挺好，赚得多不一定幸福\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 15px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-wrap: wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; font-family: -apple-system, "system-ui", "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;\">\u003Ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmp.weixin.qq.com\u002Fs?__biz=MjM5MzA3MjI2NQ==&mid=2650615248&idx=1&sn=eeefe9e96de09230883fb1d082bd7e0c&chksm=be95183689e291202bf648dfab04c6527e2bb4186a73526b65e5f6be930a59972f365d5462ef&scene=21#wechat_redirect\" style=\"outline: 0px; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer;\">\u003Cspan style=\"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(0, 82, 255); font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">2017年：他说，懒不是你一个人的错\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Csection>\u003Cp style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: 1px; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;\">\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fsection>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr\u002F>\u003C\u002Fp>","2024-10-18 06:25:00","2024-10-17 16:51:42",100,0,"liuweixin@jane7.com","2024-10-17 16:51:47",108,false,16576,2,"1038002",[],[],[],[],[]]